The paper recommends ways to synchronise OSF with on-site production. The paper provides practitioners with ideas to reduce both work waiting for workers (or robots) and workers (or robots) waiting for work-and it contributes to theory by raising more questions for further research Aug 31, · Connection of construction to human Physiological, Psychological impacts, culture, peace and well being can also be connected to Construction management research. Cite 1 RecommendationEstimated Reading Time: 8 mins Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association April 30 – May 4, , Denver, Colorado The Effect of School Building Renovation / Construction on School Culture 3 Research Question School leaders across the United States will at some point need to consider updating the
Building Design and Construction Methods - Words | Research Paper Example
The building design is meant to provide people with safe construction research paper houses that not only shield them from environmental hazards, but also that meet their physical, social and cultural requirements. This means that in addition to providing the housing needs of residents, a well-designed house also needs to keep their belongings safe.
They include principles in laying down the foundation, a coherent structure, wall-to-roof structure, walls-to-building structure, construction research paper, the roof-truss ties, cross-braces between roof construction research paper walls, drainage principles and house elevation. Willison also identifies the eight principles as the core details that must be observed in building design and the four commonly practiced construction methods which are: wood framing, steel framing, manufactured house and concrete construction.
In building design and construction, the cliché that a house is just as strong as its foundation rings true. According to Willisonthe type of soil where construction will be put up, the moisture content, as well as the estimated weight of the construction, must be put into consideration when laying the foundation.
This means that the ground where construction is intended to be put up must be strong enough to bear the weight of the building. If the soil is weak, like would be the case with sandy soil, the designers and construction workers must construction research paper ready to strengthen the foundation of their construction before proceeding with any other construction above the ground Calvert, Ideally, all foundations need to be continuous under the house.
The more stories a house has, the firmer a foundation it ought to have. According to the US Department of Housing and Urban Developmentmost foundation walls in the US are made from concrete masonry units. In a study in Minnesota and Construction research paper, it was established that in order to comply with building codes in the two respective areas, constructors usually use either engineered design or empirical design during construction, construction research paper.
Construction research paper areas that registered low winds and seismic activities, the empirical design was most prevalent. The houses constructed using this design also had to be residential dwellings or other houses that measured less than 35 feet vertically. Areas that had stronger winds and more predisposed to seismic activities had the engineered design approach for most houses.
Regardless of the kind of framing wood, concrete or steel a house has, Willison notes that all building designs need to come up with a coherent structure which should be followed to the latter during the actual construction. This means that the structure needs to be regular, needs to integrate a ring beam in its structure especially above the doors and windows. The ring beam should connect to defined columns. A similar beam should be integrated into the structure on top of all walls in order to connect them to defined columns.
More to this the end of triangular gable walls must be supported by the construction structure as initially envisaged and patented by Boehmig As identified earlier in this study, most foundations in the US are concrete based. However, most houses especially residential are framed using wood, construction research paper. This, therefore, raises the need for proper anchoring of the wood frames on the concrete stubs forming the foundation. According to Willisonthis often requires the use of non-corrodible metal, which is cast deep into the foundation to provide the structural connection needed to support the wooden frame.
It is specifically essential that construction research paper wooden column is secured to the foundation well enough.
Joining the roof structure to erected walls is also an essential part of any construction method. In concrete-based constructions, column underpins must protrude from existing concrete columns to provide the necessary structural strength to the roof. In wood-framed structures, metal ties are usually used on roof trusses to the existing wall structures.
In areas prone to natural hazards such as strong winds or earthquakes, tying the roof structure correctly to the house structure is done to retain the integrity of the house if and when a natural disaster occurs. The fourth design principle that must be considered in every construction according construction research paper Willison is tying walls appropriately to the established structure.
This ensures that should any nature forces hit the walls, construction research paper, they remain contact without moving separately as would happen in walls that are not tied to the structure. For the ties to last, they must be hooked to construction research paper wall formation.
More to this, staircases inside the building should construction research paper adequate support. Proper roofing is the fifth design principle under consideration.
For this to happen, constructors need to bolt roof trusses together using metal straps. The trusses should be flexible, but must also be strong enough to withstand strong forces from nature.
Wooden blocks also need to be used to hold a different section of the truss together as nails would not provide the necessary support. Proper cross-bracing is identified as the sixth principle in design and construction that should be upheld. Just like the main structure, the roof needs to be held together during construction. This cannot be achieved by linking the roof structure to the main building structure alone.
It is at this point that bracing the different parts of the roof using cross-braces becomes essential. The braces ensure that the different parts of the roof are joined together thus making the roof stronger and construction research paper likely to withstand the adverse forces of nature. The construction research paper design principle regard drainage.
Common sense dictates that houses constructed in high rainfall areas should have a better drainage system to prevent flooding and destroying the construction material, construction research paper.
Lastly, the floor of the house should be elevated in such a way to avoid ground level construction research paper flowing into the house. According to Calvartbuildings could collapse for several reasons. This includes bad design, extra-ordinary loads, foundation failure, faulty construction or a combination of any of these causes, construction research paper.
Regarding bad design, the designer fails to consider the weight load that the construction may have to bear. Also, he may rely on misleading theories or data and may even be ignorant of the impulsive or repeated stresses that the building may be exposed to.
Calvarthowever, notes that most structural collapses are caused by faulty construction. Here, the engineer takes the blame since he is in charge of ensuring that only quality, up-to-standard materials are used in the construction. As stated earlier in this study, the foundation is essential to good construction. This means that however good a constructed structure is, it cannot stand for long on a bad foundation.
The earth beneath a structure may just give way, therefore resulting in sinking constructions or they may lean sideways especially where the load of the building is not fairly distributed. It is an inherently human characteristic to learn from past experiences and failures. In areas where past nature occurrences have caused damage to residential property, it is common for construction research paper building codes to be stricter than areas that had relevantly lower incidences of building collapses.
In such areas, the building collapses require constructors to consider the strengths of wind or the water levels on the construction site before embarking on the design. It is only after the approval of a proposed design by the local building authorities that the construction can go ahead as scheduled. Regardless of the building design or construction methods used, the most essential detail in a building is that it should provide people using it in their day to day activities a safe and comfortable indoor environment.
For this to happen, and as observed herein, every detail of the construction process must be held with the utmost keenness. Aceh, I. Handbook on good building design and construction. Boehmig, R. Building construction : United States Patent [19]. Calvert, J, construction research paper. The collapse of Buildings. Role of building codes and construction standards in Windstorm disaster mitigation. Australian Journal of Emergency Management 23 2 The U. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Building Concrete Masonry Homes: Design and Construction Issues. Willison, R. Handbook on building design and construction: central Jawa. Need a custom Research Paper sample written from scratch by professional specifically for you? certified writers online. Building Design and Construction Methods, construction research paper. Table of Contents.
Introduction Building collapse Impact of construction failures on building codes Conclusion References. Learn More. We will write a custom Research Paper on Building Design and Construction Methods specifically for you!
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The paper recommends ways to synchronise OSF with on-site production. The paper provides practitioners with ideas to reduce both work waiting for workers (or robots) and workers (or robots) waiting for work-and it contributes to theory by raising more questions for further research Aug 31, · Connection of construction to human Physiological, Psychological impacts, culture, peace and well being can also be connected to Construction management research. Cite 1 RecommendationEstimated Reading Time: 8 mins Research papers on the construction industry focus on the various aspects of the industry in the United States or globally. Research can also focus on safety in the construction industry or standards that are required to insure safety. Throughout the twentieth century, the construction industry has achieved unfortunate notoriety as one of the most potentially hazardous in terms
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