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Over the last few years, data has often been described as the oil of the 21st century, e. Just as access to oil dominated power and development in the last century, this claim implies that personal data is not only assumed to be similarly valuable, but also equally as influential in politics and society as oil once was.
However, oil sources mainly diverge in their accessibility, quality, quantity, and cost of exploitation but, once extracted and refined theses sources may lead to roughly similar products. Data also differs in these four categories but, additionally, online dissertation fu berlin, data sources typically lead to very specific insights.
One single data source is often neither sufficient to answer important and complex scientific or economic questions nor to make any predictions with fine granularity and high precision. In such cases, combining data from different sources that provide additional aspects to the problem at hand is one promising approach to achieve these aims. In this dissertation, online dissertation fu berlin, combining data sources is conducted for two purposes. Part I of this work focuses on combining data to achieve additional understanding.
In the paper presented in Part I, the authors analyze reasons why students drop out of undergraduate courses in economics and business administration. From a university perspective, online dissertation fu berlin, administrative data is readily available, e. Socioeconomic data at individual level, however, is usually unavailable to university administrations. In order to overcome this hurdle, the authors proposed and executed a novel prospective study design.
A survey was conducted on students starting the second semester and the data was combined with administrative longitudinal data. Hence, the authors were able to analyze individual studying behavior conditioned on a large pool of socio-demographic variables.
Among other results, the authors were able to show that college admission grades have a negligibly small impact on the achievements made on Bachelor degree courses. This finding stands in strong contrast to college admission policies in Germany that strongly focus on high-school grades for college admission. The second purpose of online dissertation fu berlin, as discussed in this work, is the combination of data-sources online dissertation fu berlin improve the precision of predictions.
Part II consists of three papers from the field of small area estimation SAE. In SAE problems, there is some survey data typically available that contains the VOI. However, an indicator of interest needs to be estimated on some subgroup level by a function of the VOI. Such levels usually consist of a geographic region but are not limited to this. In the context of SAE, these subgroups are called areas.
With an increasing number of areas, the quantity of observations available per area decreases, often leading to areas with very few or even without any observations out-of-sample areas.
In such situations, a prediction with reasonable reliability becomes impossible when only relying on the available survey data. One possibility to overcome this burden is to couple the survey data with additional data, such as administrative or census data. Frequently, these data sources do not contain the VOI, thus rendering a direct estimation of the online dissertation fu berlin impossible.
However, if similar covariates are available in the survey and census, online dissertation fu berlin, a feasible approach is to assume a model for the VOI that holds, both in the survey and census, to estimate the model on the survey data and then to combine the model estimates with the more numerous census data that enables prediction.
First, if the data is available for each individual of interest, e. For area-level models, on the other hand, data is only available in aggregated form at area level. Many common methods in Online dissertation fu berlin assume normally distributed residuals, online dissertation fu berlin, not only for the model estimation, but more crucially when using the census data for prediction and the estimation of precision.
Therefore, deviations from normality have severe consequences and lead to less precise point estimates and misleading shrunk error estimates.
The paper presented in Chapter 2 proposes the use of data-driven transformations, resulting in smaller deviations from normality and thus improved point and precision estimates. Chapter 3 presents the R-package emdi that implements not only the latter methodology, but also allows for the usage of various area-level Fay-Herriot models.
emdi focuses on user-friendliness and provides many useful functionalities to support the user through every step, from model estimation through the analysis of model assumptions to visualize the results end enable their exportation. However, when deviations from normality are too severe, different model types are more suitable.
Chapter 4 presents the R-package ammlogit, which allows online dissertation fu berlin user to work with a multinomial VOI. The corresponding paper introduces a new methodology for prediction and a revised bootstrap mean squared error estimation. Like emdi, ammlogit is designed to be user-friendly and narrow the gap between research and practitioners.
Still, the method used in ammlogit also uses distributional assumptions, as the counts are assumed to be conditionally multinomially distributed and the area-level error terms are assumed to be identically normally distributed. A model class without distributional assumptions are quantile-type regression models. M-Quantile models have been used in SAE since Chambers and Tzavidis However, the related mixed quantile regression models have not yet been consequently applied to small area problems, even though they are a naturally robust alternative to the widely used linear mixed regression models that dominate research and application, online dissertation fu berlin.
In parts, this may be due to remaining uncertainties about their symptotic properties. Therefore, in the paper presented in Part III, the asymptotic normality of the corresponding maximum likelihood estimates is proven and a plugin-variance estimator is derived. Die stets ansteigende Zahl an Krebserkrankungen mit einhergehendem tödlichem Verlauf erfordert die stetige Weiter- und Neuentwicklung von entsprechenden Therapien, welche Tumorspezifisch agieren müssen.
Vor allem schwerwiegende Nebeneffekte, die häufig bei den gängigen Radio- und Chemotherapien auftreten, gilt es zu minimieren. Der Aufbau von Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugaten ADC vereint hier das zielgerichtete Wirken durch den Antikörper mit der Toxizität der Wirkstoffkomponente und so sind bereits acht dieser ADCs durch die Food and Drug Administration zugelassen worden, online dissertation fu berlin.
In dieser Arbeit wurde deswegen ein ADC aus Panitumumab, einem vollständig humanen IgG2-Antikörper mit online dissertation fu berlin immunogenem Potential, und Dianthin, einem hoch toxischen pflanzlichen und enzymatisch wirkenden Protein, reproduzierbar mit einem Wirkstoff-zu-Antikörper-Verhältnis DAR von ~1 und einer molekularen Masse von ~ kDa erzeugt.
Dabei wurde die Bindungsaffinität von Dianthin-Panitumumab DPan zum Zielrezeptor EGFR, welcher vorwiegend von Krebszellen in einem Übermaß exprimiert wird, unvermindert gegenüber Panitumumab mit einem KD-Wert von 1. Das zytotoxische Potential der Kombinationsbehandlung konnte weiterführend in einem 3D-Sphäroid-Versuch unter realitätsnahen Tumorbedingungen nachgewiesen werden. Ebenso konnte in dieser Arbeit erstmals gezeigt werden, dass DPan weiterhin und vergleichbar zu Panitumumab in der Lage ist, online dissertation fu berlin, die Antikörperabhängige zellvermittelte Zytotoxizität ADCC über PBMCs und Monozyten auszulösen, um somit einen additiven antitumoralen Effekt zu erzeugen.
Das in vitro hervorragend zytotoxisch wirkende ADC DPan zeigte dagegen in vivo an tumortragenden Mäusen eine im Vergleich zu Panitumumab leicht verminderte antitumorale Wirkung, online dissertation fu berlin, wobei in Kombination mit SO die Wirkung signifikant gesteigert wurde. Die eingesetzte Dosis mit 3. Online dissertation fu berlin der Biodistribution von Radionuklid 99mTc markierten DPan und Panitumumab zeigten indes eine unterschiedliche Kinetik.
Beide Proteine zeigten bezüglich der Konzentration im Tumor erst am Ende des untersuchten Zeitraums von 18 h die höchste Konzentrationonline dissertation fu berlin, wobei Panitumumab dominierend im Tumor akkumulierte.
Die allgemeine Biodistribution im Körper betrachtend zeigte Panitumumab eine vermehrte Plasmapräsenz im Blut-Pool, wohingegen DPan stark in der Leber und Milz akkumulierte. Ferner konnte gezeigt werden, dass Dianthin bereits im Blutplasma geringfügig aus dem ADC abgespalten wird, vermutlich weil hier ein spaltbarer SPDP-Linker verwendet wurde. Da DPan in Kombination mit SO aber in vitro ein hervorragendes antitumorales Potential zeigte, welches in vivo nicht gänzlich zum Tragen kam, sollte trotzdem in zukünftigen Arbeiten an der Optimierung der In-vivo-Effizienz von DPan gearbeitet werden.
The literature holds that both money laundering and AML policies are highly relevant for public security, integrity of the international financial system as well as for anyone interested in effective international regulatory regimes. Money laundering is mostly linked to profit oriented transnational organised crime. Estimates of its total annual volume stand at around 3.
Many observers therefore see preventing and controlling money laundering as a worthwhile investment in combatting organised crime. Yet the available quantitative data on compliance with the FATF Recommendations at country level shows a picture that does not support the narrative of an overall highly effective compliance regime.
There is plenty of empirical variance between countries that has yet to be explained. This work engages with this observation by developing a bespoke analytical toolkit of AML governance configurations that takes account of actors and institutions as well as governance as a process shaped by power differentials. In this approach, the state is only one of many potential actors that influence policy transfer from the international to the national online dissertation fu berlin. These actors can either apply hierarchical or non-hierarchical governance modes.
These are expected to be more or less effective in fostering compliance, depending on their institutional embeddedness online dissertation fu berlin resource endowments of governance actors. In addition to the state, in particularly financial and non-financial market actors appear as additional key AML governance providers that are at the same time recipients of governance services.
The resulting picture is a strongly intertwined mesh of external and domestic actors, institutions and power sources. To adequately reflect this in a generalizable model of a governance configuration explaining AML policy transfer that is specific for areas of limited statehood, the existing typology is expanded to include: Transnational Delegation, online dissertation fu berlin.
This model acknowledges the empirical result that AML governance is transnational in nature by involving public and private actors, both external and domestic. They are woven together at the same time by organised crime using transnational financial markets to launder their money as well as the attempts of different actors to provide AML governance services for this market.
While the FATF delegates AML governance to state and non-state actors, it lacks hierarchical enforcement power for this task. It depends on governance provision by third parties in order create a credible shadow of hierarchy. What emerges instead as a function equivalent to statehood is a distinctive mix of hierarchical and non-hierarchical governance modes that can lead to a more complete policy transfer. This seems most promising by connecting transnational financial market regulation with domestic organised crime centred enforcement policies.
In recent years, Mindfulness-Based Interventions MBI have gained popularity as a modern psychotherapeutic approach, primarily in English-speaking countries. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the clinical benefits of MBI for a wide range of symptoms experienced in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders SSD. However, research in German- speaking countries remains scarce.
Against this background, the present dissertation aims to contribute to the available body of literature by developing and validating a Mindfulness-Based Group Therapy MBGT for the online dissertation fu berlin of inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. This comprehensive research study will include both qualitative and quantitative data analysis concerning the online dissertation fu berlin subprojects revealed below. A qualitative research design based on inductive thematic analysis in the form of a semi- structured interview guide was developed and 27 interviews were conducted with inpatients having SSD after attending a mindfulness-based intervention in study one.
Analyses revealed two domains content and function of MBI. The domain content had further subcategories, including core elements, as well as effects on emotions, cognition, and symptoms changes. The second domain was related to the relevance of perception of context and transfer to everyday life, online dissertation fu berlin. Overall, individuals reported improvements on several clinical parameters and gave an in- depth understanding of underlying processes and mechanisms at action.
Based on these outcomes, a novel Mindfulness-Based Group Therapy MBGT was developed for the first time in the German language through a fundamental participatory and iterative research process and finally published in a manual's printed book form, online dissertation fu berlin. Moreover, historical concerns regarding the therapeutic utility of mindfulness for SSD are discussed, while recommendations and careful adaptations are given to implement MBI in inpatient and outpatient settings as a part of an editorial article.
In study two, online dissertation fu berlin, the newly translated German version of the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire SMQ was validated regarding convergent and divergent validity, reliability, factor structure, and treatment sensitivity while providing evidence for clinical practice and research for healthy individuals, mediators, and clinical groups.
In the third study, a rater-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of MBGT with inpatients having SSD. Results showed high protocol adherence and retention rates indicating feasibility and acceptability. Furthermore, various improvements were revealed on clinical- and process dimensions compared with treatment-as-usual.
Overall, the present dissertation gives compelling evidence regarding online dissertation fu berlin effects of mindfulness for SSD and adds a modern psychological treatment option for this marginalized patient group.
The present dissertation is concerned with the study of problems from toric and numerical algebraic online dissertation fu berlin, as well as mathematical population genetics from the perspective of discrete geometry.
The introductory Chapter 1 contains a short summary of the results. Furthermore, we introduce the objects stemming from discrete geometry which play a central role in the following, and fix the corresponding notation.
Chapter 2 is devoted to the examination of Newton-Okounkov bodies and Newton-Okounkov functions. We consider the case of toric varieties.
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